Variable stiffness cantilevered support

ABSTRACT

An oblong, resilient, semi-rigid cantilevered support member can have a pair of spaced apart tapering rods joined by a medial webbing strip. The strip can have a substantially planar back surface tangent with the back edges of the tapering rods to form a substantially quadrangular and planar back side to the member albeit with rounded side edges. The strip can have a generally trapezoidal front surface that is scalloped in a concave manner. The member can be made from a unitary piece of fiber composite material where the orientations of the fibers are varied to provide both bending and torsional strength and stiffness that varies along the length of the member. The member can be coupled to a second latitudinally spaced apart oblong resilient member connected by a pair of longitudinally spaced apart blocks for greater adjustability.

PRIOR APPLICATION

This is a continuation of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/166703, filed 2021 Feb. 3 which is a continuation-in part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/638079, filed 2020 Feb. 10, which is a371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/046088, filed2018 Aug. 9, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/675515, Filed 2017 Aug. 11 now U.S. Pat. No. 10,315,745, issued 2019Jun. 11 all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to resilient structural members such as beams,springs and cantilevered supports having adjustable stiffness.

BACKGROUND

Composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers have longbeen used to create structural elements due to their low weight and highstiffness/strength to bending moments along the oblong fibers'orientation.

U.S. Pat. No. 10,315,745, Malcolm, incorporated herein by reference,describes using a fiber reinforced composite material to make a sailbatten. The cross-sectional geometry of the batten changes from theproximal end of the batten located near the mast to the opposite distalend near the trailing edge of the sail in order to vary the stiffness ofthe batten along its longitudinal length and to accommodate intermittenttorsional loads.

One problem with such prior structural support members is that theirstiffness is not adjustable. In situations such as vehicular leaf springsupport of axles for example, adjusting resiliency parameters has beenthe realm of adjustable shock absorbers and other devices. However, suchdevices do not provide superior performance when there are largevariations in static loads and wide ranges dynamic loads, and thatprovide torsional flexibility.

Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus which addresses one or moreof the above identified inadequacies.

SUMMARY

The principal and secondary objects of the invention are to provide animproved structural member. These and other objects can be achieved by abeam including a pair of spaced apart oblong members connected by a pairof spaced apart blocks and where at least one of the members hasvariable longitudinal stiffness.

In some embodiments the variable stiffness member can be slidlongitudinally to adjust the overall stiffness of the beam.

In some embodiments at least one of the members comprises a taperedprofile that allows for a larger range of longitudinal stiffnessadjustment depending on the positioning of the tapered member, and anlarger degree of torsional flexibility near the narrow end of themember.

In some embodiments one or more of the members can be made from a fiberreinforced material having plural fiber orientations selected to adjustlongitudinal stiffness different from latitudinal stiffness.

In some embodiments the member can be made from fiber compositematerials such as carbon fiber embedded epoxy resin wherein theorientations of the fibers are varied to provide both bending andtorsional strength and stiffness that varies along the length of themember.

In some embodiments there is provided an adjustable stiffness supportdevice comprises: a first resilient member having a first oblong shapein a longitudinal direction; said first member having a near end and afar end; a second resilient member having an second oblong shape in saidlongitudinal direction; said second member having a proximal end and adistal end; wherein said first and second members are spaced apart fromeach other by a separation distance; a first block connecting said firstmember to said second member; a second block connecting said firstmember to said second member; wherein said first and second blocks arelongitudinally spaced apart by a spacing; wherein said second member hasa stiffness that is longitudinally variable.

In some embodiments said second member tapers between said proximal endand said distal end.

In some embodiments said second member slides between a firstlongitudinal position and a second longitudinal position spaced alongitudinal length apart from said first longitudinal position.

In some embodiments said first block comprises a first fastenerreleasably securing said first block to said second member; and whereinsaid second block comprises a second fastener releasably securing saidsecond block to said second member.

In some embodiments at least one of said first and second blockscomprises a third fastener releasably securing said at least one of saidfirst and second blocks to said first member.

In some embodiments said first block has a first longitudinal positionwith respect to said members and wherein said second block has a secondlongitudinal position with respect to said members, and wherein saidfirst and second longitudinal positions are adjustable.

In some embodiments said first member has a fixed proximal end and afree distal end, whereby a load applied at said second block iscantileveredly supported by said device.

In some embodiments said separation distance is adjustable.

In some embodiments said spacing is adjustable.

In some embodiments said first block is fixed with respect to saidmembers and wherein said a longitudinal position of said second block isadjustable.

In some embodiments said second member comprises: a first zone betweensaid proximal end and said distal end; wherein said first zone comprisesa first fiber reinforced material having a first set of plural fiberorientations; wherein first fiber reinforced material has a firstlongitudinal stiffness and a first latitudinal stiffness different fromsaid first longitudinal stiffness; a second zone between said proximalend and said distal end, and adjacent to said first zone; wherein saidsecond zone comprises a second fiber reinforced material having a secondset of plural fiber orientations different from said first set of pluralfiber orientations; wherein said second fiber reinforced material has asecond longitudinal stiffness different from said first longitudinalstiffness.

In some embodiments said first set of plural fiber orientationscomprises a first fiber layer orientation rotated a first non-zero anglewith respect to a second fiber layer orientation.

In some embodiments said first set of plural fiber orientations furthercomprises a third fiber layer orientation rotated a second non-zeroangle with respect to said second fiber layer orientation, and whereinsaid second non-zero angle is different from said first non-zero angle.

In some embodiments said second set of plural fiber orientationscomprises a fourth fiber layer orientation rotated a third non-zeroangle with respect to a second fiber layer orientation.

In some embodiments said first non-zero angle is at least 90 degrees,said second non-zero angle is at least 45 degrees, and said thirdnon-zero angle is at least 30 degrees.

In some embodiments said first set of plural fiber orientations and saidsecond set of plural fiber orientations have a least one fiber layer incommon.

In some embodiments said second member further comprises:

a pair of substantially parallel, oblong, spaced-apart rods, laterallyjoined by a webbing strip; and, wherein each of said pair of rodsgradually tapers from said proximal end toward said distal end.

In some embodiments a first one of said pair of rods comprises an axiallumen.

In some embodiments said device further comprises a cable extendingthrough said axial lumen; said cable being connected to said distal endand said proximal end; and a mechanism for adjusting the tension of saidcable.

In some embodiments said first one of said rods has a substantiallyconical shape; and further comprises an axial hollow having asubstantially conical shape.

In some embodiments said second member has a variable cross-sectionalgeometry along a longitudinal length of said second member.

In some embodiments said second member further comprises: said secondmember having a first cross-sectional area near said proximal end and asecond cross-sectional area near said distal end; wherein said firstcross-sectional area is larger than said second cross-sectional area.

In some embodiments said first cross-sectional area is substantiallybarbell shaped.

In some embodiments said first cross-sectional area comprises a pair ofspaced apart, interconnected, diametrically symmetric geometric shapesselected from the group consisting of: circles, ellipses, triangles,squares, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons,octagons, nonagons, and decagons.

In some embodiments said second member is formed by a unitary piece ofcomposite material.

In some embodiments both of said pair of rods are similarly shaped anddimensioned.

In some embodiments said first cross-sectional area has a widthdimension corresponding to said webbing strip, and a height dimensioncorresponding to an outer diameter of said one of said rods, and whereinsaid width dimension is equal to or greater than said diameterdimension.

In some embodiments said second member further comprises: said secondmember having a first width dimension at said proximal end and a secondwidth dimension at said distal end; and, wherein said first widthdimension is equal to or greater than said second width dimension.

In some embodiments there is provided the combination of a vehiclehaving a leaf spring including a plurality of spaced apart flexiblemembers, wherein at least one of said members comprises a fiberreinforced composite structural body having a first set of plural fiberorientations.

In some embodiments there is provided an improved variable stiffnessstructural beam comprises a pair of spaced apart members wherein atleast one of said pair of spaced apart members comprises a fiberreinforced material having plural fiber orientations selected to adjusta longitudinal stiffness of said at least one of said pair of spacedapart members. In some embodiments there is provided a pair ofsubstantially parallel, spaced-apart tapering rods laterally joined by asubstantially planar webbing strip.

In some embodiments there is provided improved variable stiffnessstructural member comprises: said member having an oblong shape in alongitudinal direction; said member having a proximal end and a distalend; a first zone between said proximal end and said distal end; whereinsaid first zone comprises a first fiber reinforced material having afirst set of plural fiber orientations; wherein first fiber reinforcedmaterial has a first longitudinal stiffness and a first latitudinalstiffness different from said first longitudinal stiffness.

In some embodiments said member further comprises: a second zone betweensaid proximal end and said distal end; wherein said second zonecomprises a second fiber reinforced material having a second set ofplural fiber orientations different from said first set of plural fiberorientations; wherein said second fiber reinforced material has a secondlongitudinal stiffness different from said first longitudinal stiffness.

In some embodiments said first one of said rods has a substantiallyconical shape; and wherein said axial hollow has a substantially conicalshape.

In some embodiments said rods have a substantially oblique circularconical shape.

In some embodiments both of said pair of rods are similarly shaped anddimensioned.

In some embodiments said first cross-sectional area has a widthdimension corresponding to said webbing strip, and a height dimensioncorresponding to an outer diameter of said one of said rods, and whereinsaid width dimension is equal to or greater than said diameterdimension.

In some embodiments there is provided an improved variable stiffnessstructural member comprises a fiber reinforced material having pluralfiber orientations selected to adjust a longitudinal stiffness differentfrom a latitudinal stiffness.

In some embodiments there is provided an improved variable stiffnessstructural member comprises: a pair of substantially parallel, oblong,spaced-apart rods, laterally joined by a webbing strip; wherein each ofsaid rods has a variable cross-sectional geometry along a length of saidmember.

In some embodiments said member further comprises: a proximal end and adistal end; said member having a first cross-sectional area near saidproximal end and a second cross-sectional area near said distal end;wherein said first cross-sectional area is larger than said secondcross-sectional area.

In some embodiments each of said pair of rods gradually tapers from saidproximal end toward said distal end.

In some embodiments said first one of said pair of rods comprises anaxial hollow.

In some embodiments said axial hollow has a substantially conical shape.

In some embodiments said rods have a substantially conical shape.

In some embodiments said rods have a substantially oblique circularconical shape.

In some embodiments both of said pair of rods are similarly shaped anddimensioned.

In some embodiments said first cross-sectional area is substantiallybarbell shaped.

In some embodiments said first cross-sectional area comprises a pair ofspaced apart, interconnected, diametrically symmetric geometric shapes.

In some embodiments said shapes are selected from the group consistingof: circles, ellipses, triangles, squares, rectangles, trapezoids,pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, octagons, nonagons, and decagons.

In some embodiments said first cross-sectional area has a widthdimension corresponding to said webbing strip, and a height dimensioncorresponding to an outer diameter of said one of said rods, and whereinsaid width dimension is equal to or greater than said diameterdimension.

In some embodiments said member further comprises having a first widthdimension at said proximal end and a second width dimension at saiddistal end.

In some embodiments said first width dimension is equal to or greaterthan said second width dimension.

In some embodiments said member is formed by a unitary piece ofcomposite material.

In some embodiments said member further comprises fiber reinforcedmaterial having a first fiber orientation and a second fiberorientation.

In some embodiments said first orientation is rotated substantially 90degrees with respect to said second fiber orientation.

In some embodiments said member further comprises fiber reinforcedmaterial having a third fiber orientation rotated substantially 45degrees with respect to said second fiber orientation.

In some embodiments said member further comprises: a plural number ofdiscrete zones wherein a first of said zones includes a first set ofplural fiber orientations, and a second of said zones includes a secondset of plural fiber orientations different from said first set of pluralfiber orientations.

In some embodiments there is provided the combination of a sailing crafthaving a sail and a plurality of sail battens, wherein at least one ofsaid battens comprises: a fiber reinforced composite structural memberwhich comprises: a pair of substantially parallel, spaced-apart taperingrods, laterally joined by a webbing strip.

In some embodiments there is provided a device comprises: a firstresilient member extending in a longitudinal direction between aproximal end and a distal end; wherein said first member has a stiffnessthat is longitudinally variable; a pair of substantially parallel,oblong, spaced-apart rods; wherein each of said pair of rods graduallytapers from said proximal end toward said distal end; a webbing striplaterally joining said rods; wherein said webbing strip comprises afront surface and a back surface; and, wherein said front surfacecomprises a concave trough and said back surface is substantiallyplanar.

In some embodiments said first member has a variable cross-sectionalgeometry along a longitudinal length of said first member.

In some embodiments said first member comprises: a first lateralcross-section having a first concavity having a first radius ofcurvature; and, a second lateral cross-section having a second concavityhaving a second radius of curvature.

In some embodiments first member is formed by a unitary piece ofcomposite material.

In some embodiments aid proximal end is fixed and said distal end isfree, whereby a load applied at said distal end is cantileveredlysupported by said device.

In some embodiments said first member comprises: a first zone betweensaid proximal end and said distal end; wherein said first zone comprisesa first fiber reinforced material having a first set of plural fiberorientations; wherein first fiber reinforced material has a firstlongitudinal stiffness and a first latitudinal stiffness different fromsaid first longitudinal stiffness; a second zone between said proximalend and said distal end, and adjacent to said first zone; wherein saidsecond zone comprises a second fiber reinforced material having a secondset of plural fiber orientations different from said first set of pluralfiber orientations; wherein said second fiber reinforced material has asecond longitudinal stiffness different from said first longitudinalstiffness.

In some embodiments said device further comprises: a first one of saidpair of rods comprising an axial lumen; a cable extending through saidaxial lumen; said cable being connected to said distal end and saidproximal end; and a mechanism for adjusting the tension of said cable.

In some embodiments said device further comprises: a second resilientmember extending in said longitudinal direction between a near end and afar end; and, wherein said first and second members are spaced apartfrom each other by a separation distance.

In some embodiments said second member tapers between said near end andsaid far end.

In some embodiments said first member slides between a firstlongitudinal position and a second longitudinal position spaced alongitudinal length apart from said first longitudinal position.

In some embodiments said separation distance is adjustable.

In some embodiments said device further comprises: a first blockconnecting said first member to said second member.

In some embodiments said first block is fixed with respect to saidmembers.

In some embodiments said first block has a first longitudinal positionwith respect to said members, and wherein said first longitudinalposition is adjustable.

In some embodiments said first block comprises a first fastenerreleasably securing said first block to one of said first and secondmembers.

In some embodiments said first block comprises a second fastenerreleasably securing said first block to another of said first and secondmembers.

In some embodiments said device further comprises: a second blockconnecting said first member to said second member; wherein said firstblock is longitudinally spaced apart from said second block by aspacing.

In some embodiments said spacing is adjustable.

In some embodiments there is provided the combination of a vehiclehaving a leaf spring including a plurality of spaced apart flexiblemembers, wherein at least one of said members comprises a fiberreinforced composite structural body having a first set of plural fiberorientations.

In some embodiments there is provided an improved variable stiffnessstructural beam comprises a pair of spaced apart members wherein atleast one of said pair of spaced apart members comprises a fiberreinforced material having plural fiber orientations selected to adjusta longitudinal stiffness of said at least one of said pair of spacedapart members.

The original text of the original claims is incorporated herein byreference as describing features in some embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view of an adjustablevariable stiffness beam according to an exemplary embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the pair of spaced apartmembers of the beam of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view of an adjustablevariable stiffness beam according to an alternate exemplary embodimentof the invention having a fixed block.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view of an adjustablevariable stiffness beam according to an alternate exemplary embodimentof the invention having a separation distance adjustable block.

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view of an adjustablevariable stiffness beam according to an alternate exemplary embodimentof the invention having two moveable blocks.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional side view of an adjustablevariable stiffness beam according to an alternate exemplary embodimentof the invention having a moveable block and a moveable member.

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the pair of spaced apartmembers of the beam of FIG. 6 .

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic partial perspective view of fiber compositelayers having differential orientations.

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic front view of a fiber composite member showingthe variously selected fiber orientations.

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic front view of a fiber composite member showingplural zones of variously selected fiber orientations.

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic front view of a complex geometry variablestiffness structural member according to an alternate exemplaryembodiment of the invention having quadrangular cross-section rods.

FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic partial elevational front view thereof.

FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic partial elevational side view thereof.

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic distal end view thereof

FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional end view taken along a medialsection thereof

FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic proximal end view thereof

FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic front view of a complex geometry variablestiffness structural member according to an alternate exemplaryembodiment of the invention having circular cross-section rods.

FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic partial elevational front view thereof.

FIG. 19 is a diagrammatic partial elevational side view thereof.

FIG. 20 is a diagrammatic distal end view thereof

FIG. 21 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional end view taken along a medialsection thereof

FIG. 22 is a diagrammatic proximal end view thereof

FIG. 23 is a diagrammatic partial elevational front view of a complexgeometry variable stiffness structural member according to an alternateexemplary embodiment of the invention having a stiffening cable.

FIG. 24 is a diagrammatic distal end view thereof

FIG. 25 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional end view taken along a medialsection thereof

FIG. 26 is a diagrammatic proximal end view thereof

FIG. 27 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional views of various rodgeometries.

FIG. 28 is a diagrammatic front view of a complex geometry variablestiffness structural member according to an alternate exemplaryembodiment of the invention having tapering rods that join at medialsection.

FIG. 29 is a diagrammatic front view of a complex geometry variablestiffness structural member according to an alternate exemplaryembodiment of the invention having a web with a planar back surfacetangent with the rods.

FIG. 30 is a diagrammatic partial elevational back view thereof.

FIG. 31 is a diagrammatic partial elevational side view thereof.

FIG. 32 is a diagrammatic distal end view thereof

FIG. 33 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional end view taken along a medialsection thereof

FIG. 34 is a diagrammatic proximal end view thereof

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In this specification, the references to top, bottom, upward, downward,upper, lower, vertical, horizontal, sideways, lateral, back, front,proximal, distal, near, far, etc. can be used to provide a clear frameof reference for the various structures with respect to other structureswhile the support structure is in its horizontal orientation as shown inFIG. 1 , and not treated as absolutes when the frame of reference ischanged, such as when the device is oriented upright, or at an angle.

The term “substantially” can be used in this specification becausemanufacturing imprecision and inaccuracies can lead to non-symmetricityand other inexactitudes in the physical characteristics, shape,dimensioning and orientation of various structures. Further, use of“substantially” in connection with certain geometrical shapes, such as“quadrangular”, “cylindrical”, “conical”, and “circular”, physicalcharacteristics, such as “transparent”, and orientations, such as“axial”, “parallel” and “perpendicular”, can be given as a guide togenerally describe the function of various structures, and to allow forslight departures from exact mathematical geometrical shapes, physicalcharacteristics, and orientations, while providing adequately similarfunction. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the degree towhich a departure can be made from the mathematically exact geometricalreferences or descriptions. Those skilled in the art will readilyappreciate which features of individual embodiments can be applicableand incorporated into the features of other embodiments.

Referring now to the drawing, there is shown in FIGS. 1-2 the variouscomponents of a resilient structural support device in the form of astiffness adjustable oblong beam 1 extending along a longitudinal axisLal according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The beam caninclude a first rigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 10 and asecond rigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 20 substantiallyparallelly spaced apart from each other by a distance D1 perpendicularto the longitudinal axis, thus latitudinally spacing the members apart.In this way, in this embodiment, the members may not directly contactnor substantially diverge from one another. In other words they can bearranged in such a way that there is an absence of direct contactbetween the two members. The members can be made from a rigid, butresiliently flexible material such as steel, aluminum, plastic, or afiber-infused composite material such as fiberglass or carbon fibercomposite material. Those skilled in the art of mechanics willappreciate that the components or the members shown in the drawing maybe oversized or undersized in order to enhance clarity.

The first rigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 10 can have asubstantially quadrangular oblong shape having largest dimension in thelongitudinal direction terminating at a near end 11 and a far end 12.The first member can have a substantially uniform width, substantiallyuniform thickness, and more importantly substantially uniform stiffnessalong its entire longitudinal length. Alternately, the first member canhave a variable stiffness along its longitudinal length. In thisembodiment the first member can be referred to as the uniform stiffnessmember 10.

The second rigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 20 can have asubstantially quadrangular oblong shape having largest dimension in thelongitudinal direction terminating at a near end 21 and a far end 22.The second member can have a substantially uniform width, and a variablestiffness along its longitudinal length as will be described below. Inthis embodiment the second member can be referred to as the variablestiffness member 20.

In this embodiment the second resiliently flexible oblong member 20 canachieve its variable stiffness by having a cross-sectional geometry thatchanges along its longitudinal length. Specifically, the member cantaper in thickness from its proximal end 21 where the thickness T1 islarger, to its distal end 22 where the thickness T2 is smaller. In thisway the more distal part of the member is more flexible than theproximal part, and the member has a variable cross-sectional geometryalong the longitudinal length of the member.

The members 10,20 can be held in their spaced apart configuration by apair of blocks 30,40 separated by a longitudinal spacing S1. In thisembodiment that spacing can be adjustable because the longitudinalposition of one of the blocks 40 can be adjusted as indicated by arrows41 a,41 b. The movable block 40 can be releasably locked in itslongitudinal position by a pair of fasteners 42,43 which can releasablysecure the block to the uniform stiffness member 10 and the variablestiffness member 20 respectively. In this embodiment, the other of theblocks 30 can be fixedly secured to the uniform stiffness member 10 andreleasably secured to the variable stiffness member 20 by its ownfastener 31.

Each fastener (31 for example) can be in the form of a lockingthumbscrew 32 which can rotatively engage a threaded hole 33 in theupper portion 34 of the block 31. The tip of the thumbscrew can berotatively secured to a pressure plate 35 which can pinch against theouter surface 23 of the member when the thumbscrew is tightened in islocking position.

In this embodiment, since both blocks 30,40 can be releasably secured tothe variable stiffness member 20, the variable stiffness member canslide longitudinally as shown by the arrows 24 a,24 b when theappropriate fasteners are unlocked. In this way the longitudinalposition of the variable stiffness member between the blocks can beadjusted, thereby adjusting the overall stiffness of the beam 1.

FIG. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of a resilient structural supportdevice in the form of an oblong stiffness adjustable beam 50 extendingalong a longitudinal axis Lal. The beam is similar to the previousembodiment, in that it includes a first rigid, but resiliently flexibleoblong member 51 having substantially uniform stiffness and a secondrigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 52 having a variablestiffness along its longitudinal length. The two members can besubstantially parallely spaced apart from each other by a distance D2perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and can be held in their spacedapart configuration by a pair of blocks 53,54 separated by alongitudinal spacing S2. In this embodiment however, the first block 53can be fixedly attached to both members at their proximal and near ends55,56 while the second block 54 can have a pair of fasteners 57,58 whichallow it to be releasably locked to the members and slide longitudinallyas indicated by arrows 59 a,59 b when unlocked in order to adjust thespacing between the blocks and thereby adjust the stiffness of the beam.

FIG. 4 shows an alternate embodiment of a resilient structural supportdevice in the form of an oblong stiffness adjustable beam 60 extendingalong a longitudinal axis La3. The beam is similar to the previousembodiment, in that it includes a first rigid, but resiliently flexibleoblong member 61 having substantially uniform stiffness and a secondrigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 62 having a variablestiffness along its longitudinal length. The two members can be spacedapart from each other by a pair of blocks 63,64 separated by alongitudinal spacing S2. The first block 63 can be fixedly attached toboth members near one end while the second block 64 can have a pair offasteners 65 a,65 b which allow it to be releasably locked to themembers and slide longitudinally as indicated by arrows 69 a,69 b whenunlocked in order to adjust the spacing between the blocks and therebyadjust the stiffness of the beam. In this embodiment however, the firstblock 63 can provide a member separation distance D3, perpendicular tothe longitudinal axis, that is fixed. However, the second block 64 canprovide a member separation distance D4, perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis, that is adjustable. The separation distance D4 can beadjusted by a distance adjustment mechanism such as a rotating aturnbuckle-type wheel 66 that has a pair of alternately threaded coaxialposts that engage threaded bores in a pair of platforms 67,68, that bearagainst the inwardly facing surfaces of the members. In this way, themembers can be arranged in a non-parallel manner so that an angle As canbe formed between the members. The angle can be adjusted thereby furtheradjusting the stiffness of the beam. It shall be understood that bothblocks can be adapted to include a distance adjustment mechanism inorder to provide further adjustability to the stiffness of the beam.

FIG. 5 shows an alternate embodiment of a resilient structural supportdevice in the form of an oblong stiffness adjustable beam 70 extendingalong a longitudinal axis La4. The beam can be similar to the previousembodiment, in that it can include a first rigid, but resilientlyflexible oblong member 71 having substantially uniform stiffness and asecond rigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 72 having avariable stiffness along its longitudinal length. The two members can besubstantially parallely spaced apart from each other by a distance D5perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and held in their spaced apartconfiguration by a pair of blocks 73,74 that are separated by alongitudinal spacing S4. In this embodiment however, both blocks can befitted with dual fasteners which allow each block to be releasablylocked to one or both of the members and allow each block to slidelongitudinally as indicated by arrows 75 a,75 b and 76 a,76 b whenunlocked in order to adjust the spacing between the blocks and therebyadjust the stiffness of the beam. Clearly in this way both members canslide longitudinally with respect to the blocks when the fasteners areunlocked.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an alternate embodiment of a resilient structuralsupport device in the form of an oblong stiffness adjustable beam 80extending along a longitudinal axis La5. The beam is similar to theembodiment FIG. 1 , in that it can include a first rigid, butresiliently flexible oblong member 81 having substantially uniformstiffness and a second rigid, but resiliently flexible oblong member 82having a variable stiffness along its longitudinal length.

The two members can be substantially parallely spaced apart from eachother by a distance D6 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and heldin their spaced apart configuration by a pair of blocks 83,84 separatedby a longitudinal spacing S4. The first block 83 can be fixedly attachedto the first member 81 and releasably locked to the second member 82using a fastener 85. The second block 84 can include a pair of fasteners86,87 allowing it to be releasably locked to both of the members andslide longitudinally as indicated by arrows 88 a,88 b when unlocked inorder to adjust the spacing between the blocks.

In this embodiment however, the second member 82 can have asubstantially uniform width and thickness T4 along its longitudinallength but also exhibit variable stiffness by having longitudinal zonesthat have different fiber orientations as detailed below. Alternately,both the first member and second member can have a variable stiffnessalong their longitudinal length. In some circumstances, with bothmembers having variable stiffness the variability of the stiffness ofthe beam can be made greater.

The stiffness properties of the variable stiffness member can beadjusted by forming the member from fiber-resin composite materials suchas a carbon-fiber epoxy resin composite. The uncured epoxy is combinedwith carbon fibers using techniques well known in the art. In thisexample a thermosetting preimpregnated resin tape or “prepreg” is usedsuch as unidirectional fiber tape available from American Cyanamid Co.of Wayne, N.J. Layers of the tape are successively wrapped onto oneanother to form into an uncured member body corresponding to the desiredsize of the member. Once cured the body becomes the unitary fibercomposite member.

As shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 8 and 9 , successive layers 91,92,93of tape can be applied where the orientation or direction of fibers ineach layer are different from the direction of fibers in each successivelayer to adjust stiffness properties to forces applied from variousdirections and magnitudes over time. For example, a first layer 91, canbe oriented at 0 degrees so that the elongation direction of theembedded fibers are parallel with the elongation axis 95 of the member82. A second layer 92, can be oriented so that the elongation direction96 of the embedded fibers are at an angle A1 of about 45 degrees withrespect to the elongation axis of the member. Similarly, a third layer93, can be oriented so that the elongation direction 97 of the embeddedfibers are at an angle A2 of about 90 degrees with respect to theelongation axis of the member. A fourth layer, can be oriented so thatthe elongation direction 98 of the embedded fibers are at an angle A3 ofabout 135 degrees with respect to the elongation axis of the member. Inthis way, the fiber reinforce material forming the member can have a setof fiber orientations where a first layer is rotated a first non-zeroangle with respect to a second layer, and a third layer rotated a secondnon-zero angle with respect to the first layer, and so on. It has beenfound that a variable stiffness member can be made having the firstangle A1 being at least 15 degrees, the second angle A2 being at least30 degrees, and the third angle A3 being at least 45 degrees. Successivelayers can have even greater angles as shown below.

Referring now to FIG. 10 , the variable stiffness structural member 100can be divided into a plural number of zones where the fiber orientationof the various layers within each zone can be different from theorientations on other zones in order to selectively and preferentiallyrigidize the different zones of the member differently. In other words,each zone can have a fiber reinforced material having a set plural fiberorientations that are the same or different from the set of fiberorientations of the material in another zone.

By way of example, the member 100 can be divided along its longitudinaldimension into three discrete latitudinal zones 101,102,103 where thefirst distal zone 101 can have a set of fiber layers oriented in the 0degree direction and in the 30 degree and 150 degree directions. Asecond medial zone 102 can have a set of fiber layers oriented in the 0degree direction and in the 45 degree and 135 degree directions. A thirdproximal zone 103 can have a set of fiber layers oriented in the 0degree direction and in the 45 degree, 90 degree, and 135 degreedirections. Thus, the set of fiber layers in a particular zone resultsin that set having a plural number of different fiber orientations.

Further, plural fiber orientations of one set can be different from theplural fiber orientations of another set. These differential fiberorientation sets combined over the length of the member canpreferentially rigidize the proximal zone to greater bending andtorsional loads than the distal zone. Of course adjacent zones can sharea layer having a particular orientation. For example, a single layer canhave the 0 degree orientation and extend across all three zones asshown. In addition layers from one zone can, and in practice often dopartially overlap into an adjacent zone. It has been found that avariable stiffness member can be made of latitudinally separated zones,each having a set of fiber orientations which include different layersbeing rotated at least 15 degrees with respect to one another. In theabove example a first zone 103 can have a first set of fiberorientations where some layers are rotated at least 90 degrees withrespect to one another, and others are rotated at least 45 degrees withrespect to one another, and another zone 101 sharing the 0 degree layerand having a second set of fiber orientations where some layers arerotated at least 30 degrees with respect to one another.

Alternately, one or both of the members of the beam can have a morecomplex geometry which provides further variability of stiffness alongthe longitudinal length of the member.

Referring now to FIGS. 11-16 , there is shown a more complex geometry,variable stiffness member 111 which can be used in an adjustablestiffness cantilevered support beam such as those described above. Themember can include a pair of parallelly spaced apart, solid rods 121,122forming the opposite lateral edges 124,125 of the member and extendingalong substantially the entire longitudinal length L1 of the member fromthe proximal end 116 to the distal end 117. Each of the rods can have asubstantially tapered truncated pyramidal shape having a substantiallyquadrangular cross-section where its thickness T5 remains substantiallyuniform while its width Wr varies according to its longitudinal positionon the member, gently and gradually tapering from a wider proximal widthWp to a narrower distal width Wd. The substantially tapered quadrangularshape can be characterized by a ratio between these two widths Wd/Wpwhich can range from between about 0.05 to 0.5. The tapered truncatedpyramidal shape can be oblique so that the width Wm of the memberremains substantially constant along its entire longitudinal length, andthe cross-sections of each rod perpendicular to the elongation axis ofthe member can have a substantially rectangular shape.

The rods 121,122 are interconnected by a medial webbing strip 123 havinggenerally parallel trapezoidal front and back surfaces. Thus, thewebbing strip can be substantially planar, having a substantiallyuniform thickness T6 along the entire longitudinal length of the member.In this way, the fasteners can engage the webbing without needing toaccommodate a large range of thicknesses.

Referring primarily to FIG. 16 , by making both rods 121,122substantially identically shaped and dimensioned, the member 111 can bemade to be symmetric about a plane 131 perpendicularly bisecting thewebbing strip 123. In this way, the symmetrical member can providesubstantially uniform resistance to various loads. It shall be notedthat the transition between each rod and webbing strip can be gradual inthe form of a concave fillet 127. Although the member is shown having asubstantially barbell shaped cross-section where the rods form a pair ofrectangles, other shapes are available, such as for example, circles,ellipses, ovals, or other polygons having rounded vertices.

Referring now to FIGS. 17-22 , there is shown a variable stiffnessmember 211 which can be used in an adjustable stiffness cantileveredsupport beam such as those described above. The member can be similar tothe member of FIGS. 11-16 , however, in this embodiment thesubstantially parallelly spaced apart, solid rods 221,222 forming theopposite lateral edges 224,225 of the member can have a substantiallyconical shape. In this way, each of the rods can have a substantiallycircular cross-section where the diameter Dr varies according to itslongitudinal position on the member, gently and gradually tapering froma wider proximal diameter Dp at the proximal end 216 to a narrowerdistal diameter Dd at the distal end 217. The substantially conicalshape can be characterized by a ratio between these two diameters Dd/Dpwhich ranges from between about 0.05 to 0.5. The conical shape can be anoblique circular cone so that the width of the member remainssubstantially constant along the entire longitudinal length L2 of themember. Alternately, the conical shape can be a tilted, right circularcone where cross-sections perpendicular to the elongation axis of themember form ellipses, albeit ones with very low eccentricity.

The rods 221,222 are interconnected by a medial webbing strip 223 havinggenerally parallel trapezoidal front and back surfaces where its widthtapers according the shape of the rods. Thus, the webbing strip can besubstantially planar, having a substantially uniform thickness T7 alongthe entire longitudinal length L2 of the member.

Referring primarily to FIG. 22 , by making both rods 221,222substantially identically shaped and dimensioned, the member 211 can bemade to be symmetric about a plane 231 perpendicularly bisecting thewebbing strip 223. In this way, the symmetrical member can providesubstantially uniform resistance to various loads. It shall be notedthat the transition between each rod and webbing strip can be gradual inthe form of a concave fillet 227 having a radius of betweenapproximately 5% to 25% of the cross-sectional diameter of the rod atthe point of contact with the fillet. Although the member is shownhaving a barbell shaped cross-section where the rods form a pair ofcircles, other shapes are available, such as for example, ellipses,rounded squares, rectangles, ovals, or other polygons having roundedvertices.

Referring now to FIGS. 23-26 , there is shown a variable stiffnessmember 340 which can be used in an adjustable stiffness cantileveredsupport beam such as those described above. The member can be similar tothe member of FIGS. 17-22 , however in this embodiment the member can befurther adapted so that the rods 341,342 are hollow, each having acentral lumen 343,344 extending along the length L3 of the member. Eachlumen can terminate in apertures at the distal and proximal ends 346,348of the member. Alternately, the lumens can terminate in a closed cup atone or both ends. The medial webbing strip 345 interconnecting the rodscan remain solid. A stiffening cable 350 can extend through the lumen ofa rod. One end 351 of the cable can be fixed to the distal end 346 ofthe member. The other end 352 of the cable can pass through the proximalend 348 of the member and secure to an adjustment 360 such as a motordriven threaded bearing that adjusts the tension on the cable. In thisway the stiffness of the rod, and thus the stiffness of the member canbe adjusted by operation of the motor. The lumens can serve to reducethe mass and amount of material contained in the member, and thusweight, while maintaining adequate bending and torsional stiffness andstrength.

Referring now to FIG. 27 , as previously shown, the cross-sectionalshape of the member 380 can include rods 381,382 having a substantiallycircular shape. However, other shapes may be useful for other structuralmembers depending on the application for which the members are used, anddue to manufacturing concerns. For example, the rods can have anelliptical shape 383, or a quadrangular shape, including squares andrectangles 384. Rods having other diametrically symmetrical polygonalshapes such as hexagons 385, octagons, and decagons can be used toprovide a member cross section which is symmetric about the side-to-sidetransverse axis 386, and the front-to-back transverse axis 387. Othershapes can be used which are diametrically symmetric depending onorientation such as trapezoids 388, pentagons, and heptagons. Myriadother more complex shapes which provide symmetricity with respect toboth transverse axes are available such as substantially half-moonshapes 389. For cantilevered support beam applications such symmetricityis preferred in order to ease installation and maintain uniformresistance to various off-axis loads. However, non-symmetric rodcross-sections can be used depending on the application.

Referring now to FIG. 28 , there is shown a complex geometry variablestiffness structural member 400 according to an alternate exemplaryembodiment of the invention. The member can include a lateral pair oftapering rods 401,402 separated by a lateral web 403. The rods cangradually come together to join at an axially medial location 404 on themember where the webbing disappears. The joined rods can continue totaper from the medial section toward the distal end 405 of the member.

Referring now to FIGS. 29-34 , there is shown a variable stiffnessmember 511 which can be used in an adjustable stiffness cantileveredsupport beam such as those described above. The member can be similar tothe member of FIGS. 11-16 , however, in this embodiment the medialwebbing strip 523 can have a substantially planar back surface 530tangent with the back edges of the tapering rods 521, 522 so that itforms a substantially quadrangular and planar back side to the memberalbeit with rounded side edges. The webbing strip can have a generallytrapezoidal front surface 531 footprint that is scalloped in a concavemanner. In this way the member can have a more predicable and lesscomplex securement to any supporting blocks on the flat side, and have amore smooth and continuous contour which can accommodate greater loadswithout damage to the member.

The member 511 can have a pair of substantially parallelly spaced apart,solid rods 521, 522 forming the opposite lateral edges 524, 525 of themember, and where each of the rods can have a substantially conicalshape. In this way, each of the rods can have a substantially circularcross-section where the diameter Dr5 varies according to itslongitudinal position on the member, gently and gradually tapering froma wider proximal diameter Dp5 at the proximal end 516 to a narrowerdistal diameter Dd5 at the distal end 517. The substantially conicalshape can be characterized by a ratio between these two diametersDd5/Dp5 which ranges from between about 0.05 to 0.5. The conical shapecan be an oblique circular cone so that the width of the member remainssubstantially constant along the entire longitudinal length L5 of themember. Alternately, the conical shape can be a tilted, right circularcone where cross-sections perpendicular to the elongation axis of themember form ellipses, albeit ones with very low eccentricity.Alternately, the solid rods can be replaced with hollow ones similar tothe embodiment of FIGS. 23-26 where a substantially conical lumenextends the axial length of each rod. Optionally, the lumen can carry astiffness adjusting tensioning cable as well.

The tapering rods 521, 522 can be interconnected by a medial webbingstrip 523 having a generally trapezoidal footprint as viewed from thefront. As stated above, the webbing strip can have a substantiallyplanar back surface 530 tangent with the back edges of the tapering rods521, 522 so that the strip forms a substantially quadrangular and planarback side to the member.

The webbing strip 523 can have a concave, scalloped, or trough-shapedfront surface having a periphery where its width at various longitudinalpositions tapers in accordance with the shape of the rods. As shownprimarily in FIG. 33 , the concave surface cross-section can be selectedso that the minimum thickness T7 at the lateral medial position isuniform. In other words, the thickness T7 can be constant along theentire length of the member. Alternately the minimum thickness can varybetween the proximal end 516 and the distal end 517. Further, the radiusof curvature of the front surface can vary linearly from a shorterradius Rp5 at the proximal end, through an intermediate radius Rr5 at amedial location, to a longer radius Rd5 at the distal end. Depending onthe dimensioning of the member and the shape of the rods, a ratiobetween these two radiuses Rp5/Rd5 for most applications can rangebetween about 0.01 to 0.5, and more typically between about 0.04 to 0.2.Alternately the radius can vary according to other formulae.

Referring primarily to FIG. 34 , by making both rods 521, 522substantially identically shaped and dimensioned, the member 511 can bemade to be symmetric about a plane 531 perpendicularly bisecting thewebbing strip 523. In this way, the symmetrical member can providesubstantially uniform resistance to torsional loads in both directions.It shall be noted that the transition between each rod and webbing stripcan be gradual, smooth, and continuous enhancing resistance to localizedmechanical stresses. Although the member is shown having a cross-section where the rods form a pair of circles, other shapes areavailable, such as for example, ellipses, rounded squares, rectangles,ovals, or other polygons having rounded vertices.

In this way the member is more easily produced, provides easier controlof fiber orientations and layer shapes and sizes in order to adjuststiffness in various directions resulting in a progressive response ofthe member under load and deflection.

The above-described members and adjustable blocks can provideessentially infinite variability in stiffness to a structural beam. Ithas been shown that the stiffness of the individual members can vary asa function of distance from the proximal end of the member according tothe geometry of the lateral rods, fiber orientation within the variouszones of the member, and the thickness of the interconnecting webbingstrip.

It has been found that the properties exhibited by the above describedstructural beams can be useful in vehicular leaf springs due to therigorous dynamical moments subjected to such structures and theadjustable and variable stiffness of the beam along its length.Furthermore, the above described structural beams can be useful in humanbody part support devices.

While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described,modifications can be made and other embodiments may be devised withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device comprises: a first resilient memberextending in a longitudinal direction between a proximal end and adistal end; wherein said first member has a stiffness that islongitudinally variable; a pair of substantially parallel, oblong,spaced-apart rods; wherein each of said pair of rods gradually tapersfrom said proximal end toward said distal end; a webbing strip laterallyjoining said rods; wherein said webbing strip comprises a front surfaceand a back surface; and, wherein said front surface comprises a concavetrough and said back surface is substantially planar.
 2. The device ofclaim 1, wherein said first member has a variable cross-sectionalgeometry along a longitudinal length of said first member.
 3. The deviceof claim 1, wherein said first member comprises: a first lateralcross-section having a first concavity having a first radius ofcurvature; and, a second lateral cross-section having a second concavityhaving a second radius of curvature.
 4. The device of claim 1, whereinsaid first member is formed by a unitary piece of composite material. 5.The device of claim 1, wherein said proximal end is fixed and saiddistal end is free, whereby a load applied at said distal end iscantileveredly supported by said device.
 6. The device of claim 1,wherein said first member comprises: a first zone between said proximalend and said distal end; wherein said first zone comprises a first fiberreinforced material having a first set of plural fiber orientations;wherein first fiber reinforced material has a first longitudinalstiffness and a first latitudinal stiffness different from said firstlongitudinal stiffness; a second zone between said proximal end and saiddistal end, and adjacent to said first zone; wherein said second zonecomprises a second fiber reinforced material having a second set ofplural fiber orientations different from said first set of plural fiberorientations; wherein said second fiber reinforced material has a secondlongitudinal stiffness different from said first longitudinal stiffness.7. The device of claim 1, which further comprises: a first one of saidpair of rods comprising an axial lumen; a cable extending through saidaxial lumen; said cable being connected to said distal end and saidproximal end; and a mechanism for adjusting the tension of said cable.8. The device of claim 1, which further comprises: a second resilientmember extending in said longitudinal direction between a near end and afar end; and, wherein said first and second members are spaced apartfrom each other by a separation distance.
 9. The device of claim 8,wherein said second member tapers between said near end and said farend.
 10. The device of claim 8, wherein said first member slides betweena first longitudinal position and a second longitudinal position spaceda longitudinal length apart from said first longitudinal position. 11.The device of claim 8, wherein said separation distance is adjustable.12. The device of claim 8, which further comprises: a first blockconnecting said first member to said second member.
 13. The device ofclaim 12, wherein said first block is fixed with respect to saidmembers.
 14. The device of claim 12, wherein said first block has afirst longitudinal position with respect to said members, and whereinsaid first longitudinal position is adjustable.
 15. The device of claim12, wherein said first block comprises a first fastener releasablysecuring said first block to one of said first and second members. 16.The device of claim 15, wherein said first block comprises a secondfastener releasably securing said first block to another of said firstand second members.
 17. The device of claim 12, which further comprises:a second block connecting said first member to said second member;wherein said first block is longitudinally spaced apart from said secondblock by a spacing.
 18. The device of claim 17, wherein said spacing isadjustable.
 19. The combination of a vehicle having a leaf springincluding a plurality of spaced apart flexible members, wherein at leastone of said members comprises a fiber reinforced composite structuralbody having a first set of plural fiber orientations.
 20. An improvedvariable stiffness structural beam comprises a pair of spaced apartmembers wherein at least one of said pair of spaced apart memberscomprises a fiber reinforced material having plural fiber orientationsselected to adjust a longitudinal stiffness of said at least one of saidpair of spaced apart members.